|
The "Amami-ebine" (Calanthe amamiana) belongs to Orchidaceae (the Orchid family). It is an evergreen herb that is an endemic species found on Amami Oshima in Japan's Amami Islands. It grows on the forest floor of broadleaf forests and reaches a height of about 30 to 40 cm. It has 1 to 3 basal leaves that are obovate-oblong in shape and 15 to 25 cm long. The leaves are broad, bright green, and have a stiff texture. From around March to April, it extends a flower stalk bearing a raceme and produces flowers in shades of white, pale purple, and pale pink. A distinctive feature of this flower is its short spur, which measures 7 to 13 mm. Although it is an insect-pollinated plant, it does not produce nectar; research by Naoto Sugiura of Kumamoto University in 2022 revealed that it deceives insects to utilize them for pollination. In its natural habitat, pollination is said to rely heavily on a single species of bee, the Okinawa long-horned bee (Eucera okinawae). It is classified as Critically Endangered (CR) in the Ministry of the Environment's Red List.
|