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The Osage orange (Maclura pomifera) belongs to Moraceae (the Mulberry family). It is a tall deciduous tree that is believed to be native to the south-central United States, southwestern Arkansas, eastern Oklahoma, and Texas. It is now widely distributed from the east to the northwest. This tree grows in damp places such as canyons and can reach up to 15 m in height. The bark is gray to brown and thick, with deep vertical cracks. The leaves are narrow-ovate, pointed, and have strong spines at the base. It turns yellow in fall. Spherical inflorescences emerge in early spring and small green flowers come in bloom. The fruits are aggregate fruits with a diameter of 9 to 13 cm, which ripen and fall yellowish green in fall and are eaten by animals and livestock. The wood is hard, and Native Americans used it as the material for their bows.
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