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The Azuki bean (Vigna angularis) belongs to Fabaceae (the Pea family). It is an annual herb that is native to northeastern China. It had been made improvements from "Yabu-tsuru-azuki" (Vigna angularis var. nipponensis). This herb was introduced into Japan in about 2000 years ago. It grows on a trailing vine. The yellow flowers appear on the axils from August to September. The keel petals are strongly curled. The fruits are cylindrical pods and the seeds are used as a raw material of bean jam, red bean soup with pieces of rice cake, and festive red rice. It is called "赤豆" (chi dou) in
The seed coat color of "azuki" beans is typically red (azuki color), but other colors such as black, white, and green also exist. In Japan, only red and white varieties are produced. Among red varieties, those classified as ordinary azuki beans with a diameter of 4.2 mm or larger include "Erimo Shouzu", "Kita Roman", and "Kita no Otome". Additionally, for large azuki beans with a diameter of 5.5 mm or more, there are varieties such as "Toyomi Dainagon", "Homare Dainagon", and "Tamba Dainagon". For white azuki beans, there are varieties such as "Bicchu Shiro Azuki" and "Kita Hotaru".
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