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The "Ezo-ukogi" (Eleutherococcus senticosus) belongs to Araliaceae (the Ginseng family). It is a small deciduous tree that is distributed from Hokkaido in Japan to Sakhalin and Amur in Russia, and Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces in China. It grows in slightly moist forest floors and forest edges, reaching a height of 3 to 5 m. The branches are densely covered with thin, sharp, needle-like spines that point slightly downward. The leaves are palmate compound leaves with 3 to 5 leaflets that are elliptic to obovate. In August, umbels appear at the tips of the branches and bloom with pale yellow-green flowers. The fruit is an elliptical drupe that ripens to a blackish purple color in fall. The seeds are late-ripening and do not germinate until the spring of the following next year. The roots and stem bark have been used in Chinese medicine as a tonic and for fatigue recovery. In Chinese, it is called "刺五加" (ci wu jia).
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