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The Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) belongs to Apiaceae (Carrot family). It is a perennial herb that is native to the Mediterranean coast, Ethiopia and western Nepal. It grows in dry soil by the sea or riverside, and can reach a height of around 2.5 m. The stem is hollow and upright. The leaves are pinnate compound leaves with finely divided lobes. From August to October, it produces yellow flowers in a compound umbel. Each umbel has 20 to 50 small flowers on a short peduncle. When cultivated, this flower is often visited by hoverflies that prey on aphids, and by digger wasps that feed on the larvae of cutworms. This herb has been widely used for food and medicinal purposes since ancient Greek and Roman times. In Japanese, it is called "茴香" (Uikyo) or "小茴香" (Sho-uikyo).
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