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"Fuyu-sansho" (Zanthoxylum armatum var. subtrifoliatum) belongs to Rutaceae (the Citrus family). It is a small evergreen tree that is distributed from the Kanto region of Honshu westward to Kyushu in Japan, as well as Taiwan, the Korean Peninsula, and China. It grows in mountainous areas and is 2 to 3 m tall. The leaves are oddly pinnate and alternate, with narrow wings on the rachis. It is dioecious and produces small yellow-green flowers in the leaf axils around May, and its fruits ripen to reddish brown from October to November. In Taiwanese Huayu, it is called "秦椒"; its Chinese name is "竹葉花椒" (zhu ye hua jiao).
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