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The Thorny gymnosporia (Maytenus diversifolia) belongs to Celastraceae (the Bittersweet family). It is an evergreen shrub that is distributed from Japan's Amami Islands to the Sakishima Islands, as well as in Taiwan, southern China, Vietnam, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand. It grows on coastal coral reef limestone and at forest edges, reaching a height of 1 to 2 m. It is semi-climbing, with stems and branches often creeping along the ground, though the trunk may sometimes grow upright. The leaves are obovate to elliptical, leathery, with bluntly serrated margins, and arranged alternately. The leaf axils on young, long branches bear inconspicuous small spines. From spring to fall, white flowers bloom in the leaf axils. The fruit is a heart-shaped capsule that ripens to a vivid red. It is called "北仲" in Taiwanese Chinese and "變葉裸實" (bian ye luo shi) in Chinese.
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