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The Chinese spinach (Amaranthus tricolor spp. mangostanus) belongs to Portulacaceae (the Purslane family). It is an annual herb that is native to tropical America and tropical Asia. It grows to a height of 80 to 150 cm. The stem is erect and slightly branched. The leaves vary in their degree of redness: some have only partially red leaves, others have entirely green leaves, and still others are entirely red, including the stem. In countries like Mexico and Peru, it has been cultivated as a grain crop since Inca times. In southern China, Indonesia, and Southeast Asia, it is grown for its edible leaves and stems. It is a subspecies of "Chinese spinach" (Amaranthus tricolor var. tricolor) and could also be considered an edible variety. This Chinese spinach has less bitterness and lacks the strong flavor typical of "spinach", making it very easy to eat. It is also known by the alternative name "Bayam", which means "spinach" in Indonesian. In Chinese, it is called "莧菜" (xian cai). It is a C4 plant (Plants with C4-type photosynthesis).
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