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西アフリカが原産と考えられています。「とうもろこし(玉蜀黍)」に似た姿で、高さは1〜3メートルになります。干ばつ耐性の強い作物で、アフリカやインドなどの夏雨型半乾燥地域では、「ソルガム」とならぶ主要な穀物となっています。茎頂に穂状花序をだし、小さな穎果をいっぱいつけます。種子は粥やパンなどの食用のほか、家畜の飼料にも利用されます。別名で「とうじんびえ(唐人稗)」とも呼ばれます。C4植物(C4型光合成を行う植物)です。
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イネ科チカラシバ属の一年草で、学名は Pennisetum americanum。英名は Pearl millet。
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The Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) belongs to Poaceae (the Grass family). It is an annual herb that is considered to be native to West Africa. This herb looks like a "corn" and has a height of 1 to 3 meters. It is a drought-tolerant crop, and is a major grain alongside of "sorghum" in summer-rain type semi-arid regions such as Africa and India. It will put out spikes on the shoot apices and bears a lot of small caryopsis. The seeds are used for food such as porridge and bread, as well as for animal feed. It is also known as "Toujin-bie" in Japan. It is a C4 plant (Plants with C4-type photosynthesis).
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[上・中1〜3] 長野県南箕輪村「信州大学農学部」にて、2005年08月29日撮影。 [下] アメリカ・フロリダ州オーランド市「エプコット」にて、2012年09月23日撮影。(photo by Jon Suehiro)
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