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The Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) belongs to Papaveraceae (the Poppy family). It is a biennial herb that is native from the eastern Mediterranean coast to Asia Minor. It was introduced to Japan during the Muromachi period (1333-1573). The stems are erect and reach 1-2 m in height. The entire plant is hairless. The leaves are gray-green, oblong to long ovate, alternate, and wavy with irregularly notched margins. Around May, four-petaled white to reddish-purple flowers bloom at the end of the enfolded stem. The young fruits are used to make opium, and the seeds are edible. Various garden varieties have been produced, but general cultivation in Japan is prohibited. (recollection: More than 60 years ago, when I was a child, several plants of this "poppy" were growing in a field. I loved the color of the flowers and took good care of them, but one day a public health official came and cruelly pulled them out. Still, some fruit remained, so I later sowed seeds, but they did not germinate, probably because the fruit was unripe.)
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