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The Liukiuense monoon (Monoon liukiuense) belongs to Annonaceae (the Custard apple family). It is a tall evergreen tree that is found on Iriomote Island and Hateruma Island in Japan's Yaeyama Islands, as well as on Lanyu Island in Taiwan. It grows in lowland limestone forests and reaches a height of about 15 m. The trunk is erect, and the bark is dark brown. The leaves are leathery, ranging from ovate to oblong, 15-25 cm long, and glossy on the surface. The flowering season is from summer to fall, with 1-6 flowers blooming in the leaf axils. The flowers are green at first and later turn yellowish-green. The fruit is elliptical, 3-4 cm long, and ripens from red to black. Its Japanese name derives from the resemblance of its bark and leaves to "Ryukyu-gaki" (known as "kurobou" in the Okinawan dialect). It is classified as Critically Endangered (CR) in the Ministry of the Environment's Red List. In Taiwanese Chinese, it is called "琉球暗羅".
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