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The Shelling pea (Pisum sativum) belongs to Fabaceae (the Pea family). It is an annual or a biennial herb that refers to the large, immature seeds of peas, but the varieties sold as vegetables in markets have been specially bred for culinary use. In Japan, various varieties were introduced from Europe and America during the Meiji era (1868-1912), and the consumption of "Shelling pea" became widespread. The main production areas today are Wakayama Prefecture and Kagoshima Prefecture.
"Shelling pea" is classified into two main types: "Green peas" and "Usui-endou". The "Green peas" are primarily cultivated in eastern Japan and are characterized by their strong sweetness, slight grassy, and crisp texture. Varieties in this group include "Super Green", "Minami Green", "Nankai-midori", and "Kurume-yutaka". The "Usui-endou", on the other hand, is primarily cultivated in western Japan centered around Wakayama Prefecture. It is characterized by its thin skin, refined sweetness, and fluffy texture. Varieties in this group include "Konda-usui", "Kishu-usui-endou", "Yata-wase-usui-endou", and "Kino-kagayaki".
Among these, "Konda-usui" is said to have originated from a variety of green peas called "Black Eyed Marrowfat" that was brought from the United States by agricultural engineer Mitsugu Matsukura around 1902 and then selected and improved at an agricultural experiment station. The pods are small, with a black navel, and the pods and beans have a light color and a strong sweetness.
The "Tutankhamun's peas" are a mysterious and legendary variety said to have been discovered in the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun. They were reportedly found among numerous burial artifacts when Howard Carter excavated Tutankhamun's tomb in 1922. It was introduced to our country from the United States in 1956 and has since spread as a pea associated with ancient Egypt. The flowers and pods are purple, and the beans are ordinary edible peas.
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