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The Garlic (Allium sativum) belongs to Liliaceae (the Lily family). It is a perennial herb that is maybe native to Central Asia, Kyrgyzstan. The original habitat is obscure. This herb has been cultivated from the ancient days, and it was used as food in Egypt about 3000 BC. This herb was introduced into Japan in Nara Era (about 1300 years ago). The bulb is diveded into several cloves and sends out some flat corded leaves. The spherical cluster is borne on the flowering stalk and bloom pale pink flowers from May to June. The bulbs contain glycosides called allyl sulfides, which, when hydrolyzed, give them their characteristic odor. These bulbs are used as a flavor enhancer in a variety of dishes. There are two types of "Garlic" in Japan: cold-weather and warm-weather varieties. The cold-weather variety is the "White variety" and is mainly produced in Aomori Prefecture. These bulbs are large and basically have about six pieces of scales. The skin is white and has a mild flavor. On the other hand, the warm-weather variety is the "Katei variety", which is produced in the Kyushu and Shikoku regions. It is smaller than the "White variety" and has about 10 scales. The skin of the bulb is reddish and has a rich taste.
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