どなんこばんのき (渡難小判の木) [Index] [Back]

Phyllanthus oligospermus ssp. donanensis

Phyllanthus oligospermus ssp. donanensis

Phyllanthus oligospermus ssp. donanensis

Phyllanthus oligospermus ssp. donanensis

Phyllanthus oligospermus ssp. donanensis

Phyllanthus oligospermus ssp. donanensis

わが国の八重山群島にある与那国島の固有種です。林縁に生え、高さは1.5〜2メートルになります。葉は楕円形で互生し、全縁です。ほとんど一年中、葉腋に黄緑色の雄花と雌花を咲かせます。果実は球形の液果で、暗赤色に熟します。台湾に分布する「こかばこばんのき」の亜種です。環境省のレットブックでは絶滅危惧IA類(CR)に分類されています。和名は、与那国島が船でしか渡れなかった時代、周囲が荒波に囲まれており、船の往来が非常に困難な島であったことから「渡難」と記されたことに由来します。また与那国方言ではヤ行がダ行に変化し、与那にあたるのが「どぅなん」という説明もあります。
トウダイグサ科コミカンソウ属の落葉低木で、学名は Phyllanthus oligospermus ssp. donanensis。英名はありません。
The "Donan-kobanno-ki" (Phyllanthus oligospermus ssp. donanensis) belongs to Euphorbiaceae (the Spurge family). It is a small deciduous tree that is an endemic species found on Yonaguni Island in Japan's Yaeyama Islands. It grows along forest edges and reaches a height of 1.5 to 2 m. The leaves are elliptical, alternate, and entire. Yellowish-green male and female flowers bloom in the leaf axils almost year-round. The fruit is a spherical berry that ripens to a dark reddish color. It is a subspecies of the "Kokaba-kobanno-ki" (Phyllanthus oligospermus) found in Taiwan. It is classified as Critically Endangered (CR) in the Ministry of the Environment's Red List. The Japanese name derives from the fact that, in the days when Yonaguni Island could only be reached by boat, the island was surrounded by rough seas, making navigation extremely difficult-hence it was recorded as "do-nan" (meaning "difficult to cross"). Another explanation suggests that in the Yonaguni dialect, the "ya" sound changes to "da", so "yona" becomes "dunan".
茨城県つくば市「つくば実験植物園」にて、2026年03月28日撮影。

Shu Suehiro
shu@botanic.jp