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The Lettuce tree (Pisonia grandis) belongs to Nyctaginaceae (the Four-o-clock family). It is a tall evergreen tree that is widely distributed from southeastern Kenya to northeastern Tanzania, from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. In Japan, it grows only on Minamitorishima in the Ogasawara Islands. It grows on soils enriched by seabird guano, such as on small coral islands, reaching heights of 15 to 20 m. The bark is smooth, grayish-white, with prominent grooves and large leaf scars. Leaves are elliptic, pale green, about 30 cm long, and have long stipes. From summer to fall, inflorescences emerge from the stem apex or leaf axils, bearing small, greenish-white flowers. After flowering, the female flowers transform into elongated, cylindrical fruits with sticky spines. These fruits are highly adhesive and attach to seabird feathers for dispersal. Additionally, the leaves are traditionally used as leafy vegetables in some countries.
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