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"Yokogura-no-ki" (Berchemiella berchemiifolia) belongs to Rhamnaceae (the Buckthorn family). It is a semi-tall deciduous tree that is distributed from Miyagi Prefecture of Honshu southward to Shikoku, Kyushu in Japan, and the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. It grows rarely in forests and rocky areas in mountainous regions, and grows up to 10 m high. The leaves are dark green, oblong or ovate, with entire margins and sharply pointed tips. The leaves are usually alternate, but depending on the environment, two alternate leaves may be produced in orixate phyllotaxis. Around June, it produces cymes at the tips of branches and in the upper leaf axils, and produces 3 to 6 small, pale yellow flowers each. The fruit is a oblong to ovate kernel that turns from green to yellow to red as it ripens. The Japanese name comes from its discovery by botanist Tomitaro Makino in 1884 at Yokogura-yama in Ochi-cho, Kochi Prefecture. The "Yokogura-no-ki northern limit zone" is located in Obara, Shiroishi City, Miyagi Prefecture, and was discovered by botanical researcher Shiroji Saito (1872-1946), who designated it a natural monument in 1942. In Chinese, it is called "日本小勾兒茶" (riben xiao gou er cha).
Berchemiella is a genus of plants in the family Rhamnaceae. It includes three species, one found in Japan and two in China.
(1) Berchemiella wilsonii "小勾兒茶" (xiao gou er cha) is distributed in Anhui, Hubei, and Zhejiang Provinces.
(2) Berchemiella yunnanensis "滇小勾兒茶" (dian xiao gou er cha) is distributed in Yunnan Province.
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